The AVR Assembler Site

HOME
AVR ASM TUTOR
ASM FORUM
AVR BEGINNERS NET
TUTORIAL #2
MUL & DIV
FAST MUL & DIV
16 BIT MUL
16 BIT ADD & SUB
32 BIT MATH
16 BIT MATH
16 BIT DIV
24 BIT DIV
32 BIT DIV
FLOAT MATH
SQRT16
BCD CONVERSIONS
16 BIT BCD
DEC TO ASCII
INTEGER TO ASCII
HEX TO ASCII
MOVING AVG
FAST FOURIER
BLOCK COPY
LOAD PROG MEM
EPROM STORAGE
SERIAL EPROM
AT45 DATAFLASH
FLASH CARD
VFX SMIL
VFX MEM
BUBBLE SORT
CRC CHECK
XMODEM REC
UART 304
UART 305
UART 128
UART BUFF
USB TO RS232
AVR ISP
ISP 2313
ISP 1200
AVR SPI
I2C 300
I2C 302
I2C TWI26
I2C/TWI 128
I2C/TWI AT8
DALLAS-1W
DALLAS CRC
ETHERNET DRIVER
TEA PROTOCOL
ADC
10 BIT ADC
CHEAP ADC
PRECISION 8 BIT ADC
THERMOMETER
INFARED DECODER
LCD DRIVER FOR HD44xxx
LCD DRIVER FOR HD44780
LCD DRIVER FOR HD44780 #2
4x4 KEYPAD
KEYPAD LED MUX
AT/PS2 KEYBOARD
AT KEYBOARD
PS2 KEYBOARD
MEGA 8 BOOTLOADER
BOOTLOADER
ALARM CLOCK
REAL TIME CLOCK
90 DAY TIMER
DELAY ROUTINE
CALLER ID
DTMF GENERATOR
6 CHAN PWM
PWM 10K
ENCODER
STH-11
ATMEL CORP
AVR BUTTERFLY
AVR BOOK

AVR ISP FOR 1200

                                    ;***************************************************************************
                                    ;*
                                    ;* Title	: AVR ISP (Auto adr inc, 19200bps)
                                    ;* Version	: 2.0
                                    ;* Last updated	: 1998.01.06 (mlund)
                                    ;* Target	: AT90S1200
                                    ;* File		: ispprog.asm
                                    ;* Author       : Atmel Norway
                                    ;*
                                    ;* DESCRIPTION
                                    ;*	The firmware on all programmers now support a unified protocol for 
                                    ;*	program and data memory programming. The host computer do not need
                                    ;*	to know if the programmer operates in serial or parallel mode.
                                    ;*
                                    ;*	The following commands are supported. All commands start with a
                                    ;*	single letter. The programmer returns 13d (carriage return) or the
                                    ;*	data read after the command is finished.
                                    ;*
                                    ;*                                     +-------------+------------+------+
                                    ;*  Commands                           | Host writes | Host reads |      |
                                    ;*  --------                           +-----+-------+------+-----+      |
                                    ;*                                     | ID  | data  | data |     | Note |
                                    ;* +-----------------------------------+-----+-------+------+-----+------+
                                    ;* | Enter programming mode            | 'P' |       |      | 13d |   1  |
                                    ;* | Set address                       | 'A' | ah al |      | 13d |   2  |
                                    ;* | Write program memory, low byte    | 'c' |    dd |      | 13d |   3  |
                                    ;* | Write program memory, high byte   | 'C' |    dd |      | 13d |   3  |
                                    ;* | Issue Page Write                  | 'm' |       |      | 13d |      |
                                    ;* | Read program memory               | 'R' |       |dd(dd)|     |   4  |
                                    ;* | Write data memory                 | 'D' |    dd |      | 13d |      |
                                    ;* | Read data memory                  | 'd' |       |   dd |     |      |
                                    ;* | Chip erase                        | 'e' |       |      | 13d |      |
                                    ;* | Write lock bits                   | 'l' |    dd |      | 13d |      |
                                    ;* | Write fuse bits                   | 'f' |    dd |      | 13d |  11  |
                                    ;* | Read fuse and lock bits           | 'F' |       |   dd |     |  11  |
                                    ;* | Leave programming mode            | 'L' |       |      | 13d |   5  |
                                    ;* | Select device type                | 'T' |    dd |      | 13d |   6  |
                                    ;* | Read signature bytes              | 's' |       | 3*dd |     |      |
                                    ;* | Return supported device codes     | 't' |       | n*dd | 00d |   7  |
                                    ;* | Return software identifier        | 'S' |       | s[7] |     |   8  |
                                    ;* | Return sofware version            | 'V' |       |dd dd |     |   9  |
                                    ;* | Return hardware version           | 'v' |       |dd dd |     |   9  |
                                    ;* | Return programmer type            | 'p' |       |   dd |     |  10  |
                                    ;* | Set LED                           | 'x' |    dd |      | 13d |  12  |
                                    ;* | Clear LED                         | 'y' |    dd |      | 13d |  12  |
                                    ;* | Universial command                | ':' |  3*dd |   dd | 13d |      |
                                    ;* +-----------------------------------+-----+-------+------+-----+------+
                                    ;*
                                    ;* NOTE 1
                                    ;*	The Enter programming mode command MUST be sent one time prior to
                                    ;*	the other commands, with the exception of the 't', 'S', 'V', 'v'
                                    ;*	and 'T' commands. The 'T' command must be sent before this command
                                    ;*	(see note 6).
                                    ;*
                                    ;*	For programmers supporting both parallel and serial programming
                                    ;*	mode this command enters parallel programming mode. For programmers
                                    ;*	supporting only serial programming mode, this command enters serial
                                    ;*	programming mode.
                                    ;*
                                    ;* NOTE 2
                                    ;*	The ah and al are the high and low order bytes of the address. For
                                    ;*	parallel programmers this command issues the Load Address Low/High
                                    ;*	Byte command. For serial programmers the address byte is stored for
                                    ;*	use by the Read/Write commands.
                                    ;*
                                    ;* NOTE 3
                                    ;*	For parallel programmers this command issues the Program Flash
                                    ;*	command. For serial programmers this command iussues the Write
                                    ;*	Program Memory Command. For devices with byte-wide program memories
                                    ;*	only the low byte command should be used.
                                    ;*
                                    ;* NOTE 4
                                    ;*	The contents of the program memory at the address given by the 'A'
                                    ;*	command are written to the serial port in binary form. For byte
                                    ;*	wide memories one byte is written. For 16 bit memories two bytes
                                    ;*	are written,MSB first.
                                    ;*
                                    ;* NOTE 5
                                    ;*	This command must be executed after the programming is finished.
                                    ;*
                                    ;* NOTE 6
                                    ;*	The select device type command must be sent before the enter
                                    ;*	programming command
                                    ;*
                                    ;* NOTE 7
                                    ;*	The supported device codes are returned in binary form terminated
                                    ;*	by 0x00.
                                    ;*
                                    ;* NOTE 8
                                    ;*	This return a 7 character ASCII string identifying the programmer.
                                    ;*      For the in-system programmer it is "AVR ISP".
                                    ;*
                                    ;* NOTE 9
                                    ;*	The software/hardware version are returned as two ASCII numbers.
                                    ;*
                                    ;* NOTE 10
                                    ;*	This command should be used to identify the programmer type. The
                                    ;*	return value is 'S' for serial (or SPI) programmers or 'P' for
                                    ;*	parallel programmers.
                                    ;*
                                    ;* NOTE 11
                                    ;*	The write fuse bits command are available only on parallel
                                    ;*	programmers and only for AVR devices (device code < 0x80). The host
                                    ;*	should use the return programmer type command to determine the
                                    ;*	programmer type, do not use the  "AVR PPR" idenifier because other
                                    ;*	programmers may be available in the future.
                                    ;*
                                    ;* NOTE 12
                                    ;*	Currently only the AVR development board has LEDs. The other boards
                                    ;*	must implement this commands as NOPs.
                                    ;*
                                    ;* NOTE 13
                                    ;*      Devices using Page Mode Programming write one page of flash memory
                                    ;*      before issuing a Page Mode Write Pulse.
                                    ;***************************************************************************
                                    
                                    ;**** includes ****
                                    
                                    .include "1200def.inc"
                                    
                                    ;***************************************************************************
                                    ;*
                                    ;* CONSTANTS
                                    ;*	device codes
                                    ;*
                                    ;* DESCRIPTION
                                    ;*	The following device codes must be used by the host computer. Note
                                    ;*	that the device codes are arbitrary selected, they do not have any
                                    ;*	thing in common with the signature bytes stored in the device.
                                    ;*
                                    ;*	The following devices are supported (make a new table for each
                                    ;*	software release):
                                    ;*
                                    ;*	SW_MAJOR=1, SW_MINOR=5	
                                    ;*	AT90S1200 rev. C (abbreviated S1200C)
                                    ;*	AT90S1200 rev. D (abbreviated S1200D)
                                    ;*	AT90S8515 rev. A (abbreviated S8515A)
                                    ;*	AT89S8252 (abbreviated S8252)
                                    ;*
                                    ;*	SW_MAJOR=1, SW_MINOR=6
                                    ;*	AT90S1200 rev. C (abbreviated S1200C)
                                    ;*	AT90S1200 rev. D (abbreviated S1200D)
                                    ;*	AT90S8515 rev. A (abbreviated S8515A)
                                    ;*	AT89S8252 (abbreviated S8252)
                                    ;*      ATmega103 rev. A (abbreviated S01838A)
                                    ;*
                                    ;***************************************************************************
                                    
                                    .equ	S1200C	= 0x12
                                    .equ	S1200D	= 0x13
                                    .equ	S2313A	= 0x20
                                    .equ	S4414A	= 0x28
                                    .equ	S8515A	= 0x38
                                    .equ	S8252	= 0x86
                                    .equ	S2323A	= 0x48
                                    
                                    .equ	S01838C	= 0x40
                                    .equ	S01838D	= 0x41
                                    
                                    ;**** Revision Codes ****
                                    
                                    .equ	SW_MAJOR = 2		; Major SW revision number
                                    .equ	SW_MINOR = 0		; Minor SW revision number
                                    .equ	HW_MAJOR = 1		; Major HW revision number
                                    .equ	HW_MINOR = 0		; Minor HW revision number
                                    
                                    
                                    ;***************************************************************************
                                    ;*
                                    ;* MACROS
                                    ;*	Program Macros
                                    ;*
                                    ;* DESCRIPTION
                                    ;*	Change the following four macros if the RESET pin to the
                                    ;*	target moves and/or if the SCK/MISO/MOSO moves.
                                    ;*
                                    ;***************************************************************************
                                    
                                    .macro	set_reset
                                    	sbi	portb,4
                                    .endm
                                    
                                    .macro	clr_reset
                                    	cbi	portb,4
                                    .endm
                                    
                                    .macro	ddrd_init
                                    	nop
                                    ;	sbi	ddrd,3
                                    .endm
                                    
                                    .macro	ddrb_init
                                    	ldi	temp1,0xdf
                                    	out	ddrb,temp1	; PB5 is input, the rest is output
                                    .endm
                                    
                                    .macro	ddrb_release
                                    	ldi	temp1,(1<<PB4)
                                    	out	ddrb,temp1	; PB4 (RESET) is output, the rest is input
                                    .endm
                                    
                                    .macro	pulse_sck
                                    	sbi	portb,SCK
                                    	ldi	temp2,6
                                    m0:	dec	temp2
                                    	brne	m0
                                    	cbi	portb,SCK
                                    	ldi	temp2,1		; 3
                                    m1:	dec	temp2
                                    	brne	m1
                                    .endm
                                    
                                    
                                    ;*****************
                                    ;* SPI Constants *
                                    ;*****************
                                    
                                    .equ	MOSI	= 6		; Bit number on PORTB
                                    .equ	MISO	= 5		; Bit number on PORTB
                                    .equ	SCK	= 7		; Bit number on PORTB
                                    
                                    
                                    ;******************
                                    ;* UART Constants *
                                    ;******************
                                    
                                    ;**** Constant declarations Data Rate ****
                                    
                                    ;.equ	N = 95			; 115200 BAUD when R=1 and XTAL=11.059MHz
                                    ;.equ	N = 31			; 57600 BAUD when R=2 and XTAL=11.059MHz
                                    ;.equ	N = 43			; 38400 BAUD when R=2 and XTAL=11.059MHz
                                    .equ	N = 33			; 19200 BAUD when R=2 and XTAL=4.00MHz
                                    ;.equ	N = 102			; 38400 BAUD when R=1 and XTAL=4.00MHz
                                    .equ	R = 2
                                    
                                    ;**** UART transmit pin in PORTD ****
                                    
                                    .equ	TXPIN = 1
                                    .equ	RXPIN = 0		; Receive pin must be external interrupt !!
                                    
                                    ;**** Bit positions in UART Status Register ****
                                    
                                    .equ	TXC = 0			; Transmit
                                    .equ	RXC = 1			; Receive
                                    
                                    
                                    ;*****************************
                                    ;* Global Register Variables *
                                    ;*****************************
                                    
                                    .def	device	= r16		; Device code
                                    .def	temp1	= r17
                                    .def	temp2	= r18
                                    .def	s_data	= r19		; SPI data
                                    .def	u_data	= r20		; UART data
                                    .def	addrl	= r21		; Low order byte of address
                                    .def	addrh	= r22		; High order byte of address
                                    .def	bit_cnt	= r23		; Bit count used by UART routine
                                    .def	u_stat	= r24		; Status byte used by UART routine
                                    .def	cmd	= r25		; Serial programming command
                                    .def	count	= r26		; Time out variable for "enter programming mode"
                                    .def	param1	= r27
                                    .def	cmd1	= r28
                                    .def	cmd2	= r29
                                    .def	cmd3	= r30
                                    
                                    ;*********************
                                    ;* Interrupt Vectors *
                                    ;*********************
                                    
                                    .CSEG
                                    	rjmp	RESET		; Reset Handle
                                    	reti			; IRQ0 Handle (not used)
                                    	rjmp	TIM0_OVF	; Timer0 Overflow Handle
                                    	reti			; Analog Comparator Handle (not used)
                                    
                                    
                                    ;***************************************************************************
                                    ;*
                                    ;* INTERRUPT
                                    ;*	TIM0_OVF - Software UART Service Routine
                                    ;*
                                    ;***************************************************************************
                                    
                                    TIM0_OVF:
                                    	in	r0,SREG		; store SREG
                                    	ldi	temp1,(256-N+8)
                                    	out	TCNT0,temp1	; reset T/C0 to one bit lenght
                                    	inc	bit_cnt		; increment bit counter
                                    	sbrs	u_stat,TXC	; if (transmit complete flag clear)
                                    	rjmp	transmit	;    goto transmit
                                    
                                    to_0:	sec			; set carry
                                    	sbis	PIND,RXPIN	; if (RxD == LOW)
                                    	clc			;	clear carry
                                    	ror	u_data		; shift carry into u_data
                                    
                                    	cpi	bit_cnt,8	; if (bit_cnt == 8)
                                    	brne	to_1		; {
                                    	clr	temp1		;    disable T/C0 Overflow Interrupt
                                    	out	TIMSK,temp1
                                    	sbr	u_stat,1<<RXC	;    set receive complete
                                    to_1:				; }
                                    	out	SREG,r0	        ; restore SREG
                                    	reti			; exit
                                    
                                    transmit:
                                    	cpi	bit_cnt,1	; if (bit_cnt == 1)	\\ start bit
                                    	brne	to_2		; {
                                    	cbi	PORTD,TXPIN	;	generate start bit
                                    	rjmp	to_1		;	exit
                                    to_2:				; }
                                    	cpi	bit_cnt,10	; if (bit_cnt == 10)	\\ stop bit
                                    	brne	to_3		; {
                                    	sbi	PORTD,TXPIN	;	generate stop bit
                                    	clr	temp1		;	disable TC0 overflow interrupt
                                    	out	TIMSK,temp1
                                    	sbr	u_stat,1<<TXC	;	set transmit complete bit
                                    	rjmp	to_1		;	exit
                                    to_3:				; }
                                    	sbrc	u_data,0	; if (LSB set)
                                    	sbi	PORTD,TXPIN	;	PD3 = HIGH
                                    	sbrs	u_data,0	; if (LSB clear)
                                    	cbi	PORTD,TXPIN	;	PD3 = LOW
                                    	lsr	u_data		; shift left u_data
                                    	rjmp	to_1		; exit
                                    
                                    
                                    ;***************************************************************************
                                    ;*
                                    ;* FUNCTION
                                    ;*	u_init
                                    ;*
                                    ;* DESCRIPTION
                                    ;*	Initialize UART.
                                    ;*
                                    ;***************************************************************************
                                    
                                    u_init:	ldi	u_stat,1<<TXC	; set TXC
                                    	ldi	temp1,R		; set clock rate
                                    	out	TCCR0,temp1
                                    	sbi	DDRD,TXPIN	; initialize UART pins
                                    	cbi	DDRD,RXPIN
                                    	ret
                                    
                                    
                                    ;***************************************************************************
                                    ;*
                                    ;* FUNCTION
                                    ;*	putc
                                    ;*
                                    ;* DESCRIPTION
                                    ;*	Send a character on the UART Tx line.
                                    ;*
                                    ;***************************************************************************
                                    
                                    putc:	clr	u_stat		; clear UART status flags
                                    	clr	bit_cnt		; clear bit counter
                                    	ldi	temp1,1<<TOV0	; enable T/C0 overflow interrupt
                                    	out	TIMSK,temp1
                                    putc0:	sbrs	u_stat,TXC	; while (!(u_stat & TXC)); // Wait for TXC
                                    	rjmp	putc0
                                    	ret
                                    
                                    
                                    ;***************************************************************************
                                    ;*
                                    ;* FUNCTION
                                    ;*	getc
                                    ;*
                                    ;* DESCRIPTION
                                    ;*	Wait for start bit and receive a character on the UART Rx line.
                                    ;*
                                    ;***************************************************************************
                                    
                                    getc:	sbis	PIND,RXPIN
                                    	rjmp	getc
                                    getc0:	sbic	PIND,RXPIN
                                    	rjmp	getc0
                                    	ldi	temp1,(256-(N+N/2)+8+12);
                                    	out	TCNT0,temp1 	; preset T/C0 to 1.5 bit lengths
                                    	ldi	temp1,1<<TOIE0
                                    	out	TIFR,temp1	; clear T/C0 overflow flag
                                    	out	TIMSK,temp1	; enable T/C0 overflow Interrupt
                                    	clr	bit_cnt		; clear bit counter
                                    getc1:	sbrs	u_stat,RXC	; wait for Receive Complete
                                    	rjmp	getc1
                                    	cbr	u_stat,1<<RXC	; clear RXC
                                    	ret
                                    
                                    
                                    ;***************************************************************************
                                    ;*
                                    ;* FUNCTION
                                    ;*	delay
                                    ;*
                                    ;* DESCRIPTION
                                    ;*	 Make a small delay.
                                    ;*
                                    ;***************************************************************************
                                    
                                    delay:	ldi	temp2,0xff
                                    dl:	dec	temp2
                                    	brne	dl
                                    	dec	temp1
                                    	brne	delay
                                    	ret
                                    
                                    
                                    ;***************************************************************************
                                    ;*
                                    ;* FUNCTION
                                    ;*	wrser
                                    ;*
                                    ;* DESCRIPTION
                                    ;*	 Write a byte to the SPI.
                                    ;*
                                    ;***************************************************************************
                                    
                                    wrser:	ldi	temp1,8
                                    wrs0:	rol	s_data
                                    	brcc	wrs1
                                    	sbi	portb,MOSI
                                    	rjmp	wrs2
                                    wrs1:	cbi	portb,MOSI
                                    wrs2:	pulse_sck
                                    	dec	temp1
                                    	brne	wrs0
                                    	ret
                                    
                                    
                                    ;***************************************************************************
                                    ;*
                                    ;* FUNCTION
                                    ;*	rdser
                                    ;*
                                    ;* DESCRIPTION
                                    ;*	 Read a byte from the SPI.
                                    ;*
                                    ;***************************************************************************
                                    
                                    rdser:	ldi	temp1,8
                                    	ldi	s_data,0
                                    rd0:	lsl	s_data
                                    	sbic	pinb,MISO
                                    	ori	s_data,1
                                    	pulse_sck
                                    	dec	temp1
                                    	brne	rd0
                                    	ret
                                    
                                    
                                    ;***************************************************************************
                                    ;*
                                    ;* FUNCTION
                                    ;*	spiinit (Enter programming mode)
                                    ;*
                                    ;* DESCRIPTION
                                    ;*	Initialize SPI interface on AVR or 'AT89 device.
                                    ;*
                                    ;***************************************************************************
                                    
                                    spiinit:ddrd_init		; initialize port D
                                    	ddrb_init		; initialize port B
                                    	cbi	portb,SCK	; clear SCK
                                    	cpi	device,S8252	; if (device != S8252)
                                    	breq	s89		; {
                                    	set_reset		;	set RESET = 1
                                    	ldi	temp1,0xff	;	delay(0xff);
                                    	rcall	delay
                                    	clr_reset		;	set RESET = 0
                                    	rjmp	s0		; }
                                    				; else
                                    s89:				; {
                                    	clr_reset		; 	set RESET = 0
                                    	ldi	temp1,0xff	;	delay(0xff);
                                    	rcall	delay
                                    	set_reset		;	set RESET = 1
                                    s0:				; }
                                    	ldi	temp1,0xff	; delay(0xff);
                                    	rcall	delay
                                    
                                    	ldi	s_data,0xac	; wrser(0xac);		// SPI write (byte 1)
                                    	rcall	wrser
                                    	ldi	s_data,0x53	; wrser(0x53);		// SPI write (byte 2)
                                    	rcall	wrser
                                    
                                    				; // SPI Synchronization (fix!)
                                    	cpi	device,0x20	; if ( (device >= 0x20) && (device <= 0x7F) )
                                    	brlo	s2
                                    	tst	device
                                    	brmi	s2
                                    s0b:				; {
                                    	ldi	count,32	;	count = 32;
                                    s1:				;	do {
                                    	rcall	rdser		;		if (rdser == 0x53)	// SPI read (byte 3)
                                    	cpi	s_data,0x53
                                    	breq	s3		;			break;
                                    	ldi	s_data,0x00	;		wrser(0x00);		// SPI write (byte 4)
                                    	rcall	wrser
                                    	pulse_sck		;		pulse SCK
                                    	ldi	s_data,0xac	;		wrser(0xac);		// SPI write (byte 1)
                                    	rcall	wrser
                                    	ldi	s_data,0x53	;		wrser(0x53);		// SPI write (byte 2)
                                    	rcall	wrser
                                    	dec	count		;	} while(--count);
                                    	brne	s1
                                    	rjmp	s3		; }
                                    				; else
                                    s2:				; {
                                    	ldi	s_data,0x00	;	wrser(0x00);		// SPI write (byte 3)
                                    	rcall	wrser
                                    s3:				; }
                                    	cpi	device,S8252	; if (device != S8252)
                                    	breq	s4		; {
                                    	ldi	s_data,0x00	;	wrser(0x00);	// SPI write (byte 4)
                                    	rcall	wrser
                                    s4:				; }
                                    	ldi	temp1,0x10	; delay(0x10);
                                    	rcall	delay
                                    	ret
                                    
                                    
                                    
                                    ;***************************************************************************
                                    ;*
                                    ;* FUNCTION
                                    ;*	show_id
                                    ;*
                                    ;* DESCRIPTION
                                    ;*	Show our ID ("AVR ISP") on the serial line.
                                    ;*
                                    ;***************************************************************************
                                    
                                    show_id:ldi	u_data,0x41		; 'A'
                                    	rcall	putc
                                    	ldi	u_data,0x56		; 'V'
                                    	rcall	putc
                                    	ldi	u_data,0x52		; 'R'
                                    	rcall	putc
                                    	ldi	u_data,0x20		; ' '
                                    	rcall	putc
                                    	ldi	u_data,0x49		; 'I'
                                    	rcall	putc
                                    	ldi	u_data,0x53		; 'S'
                                    	rcall	putc
                                    	ldi	u_data,0x50		; 'P'
                                    	rcall	putc
                                    	ret
                                    
                                    
                                    ;***************************************************************************
                                    ;*
                                    ;* RESET
                                    ;*
                                    ;* DESCRIPTION
                                    ;*	Initialization
                                    ;*
                                    ;***************************************************************************
                                    
                                    RESET:	clr	temp1
                                    	out	GIMSK,temp1	; disable external interrupt
                                    	ser	temp1		; Initialize
                                    	out	PORTD,temp1
                                    	set_reset		; set RESET=1
                                    	out	PORTB,temp1
                                    	ddrb_release
                                    	rcall	u_init		; Initialize UART
                                    	sei			; Enable interrupts
                                    
                                    
                                    ;***************************************************************************
                                    ;*
                                    ;* PROGRAM
                                    ;*	waitcmd -> main
                                    ;*
                                    ;* DESCRIPTION
                                    ;*	Wait for and execute commands.
                                    ;*
                                    ;***************************************************************************
                                    
                                    waitcmd:rcall	getc		; while (getc() == ESC) {};
                                    	cpi	u_data,0x1b
                                    	breq	waitcmd
                                    
                                    ;**** Device Type ****
                                    
                                    	cpi	u_data,0x54     ; 'T' Device type
                                    	brne	w0
                                    	rcall	getc		; getc();	// dummy
                                    	mov	device,u_data	; putc(device);
                                    	rjmp	put_ret
                                    
                                    ;**** Return Software Identifier ****
                                    
                                    w0:	cpi	u_data,0x53	; 'S' Return software identifier
                                    	brne	w1
                                    	rcall	show_id		; show_id();
                                    	rjmp	waitcmd
                                    
                                    ;**** Return Software Version ****
                                    
                                    w1:	cpi	u_data,0x56	;'V' Return software version
                                    	brne	w2
                                    	ldi	u_data,0x30+SW_MAJOR ; putc(0x30+SW_MAJOR);
                                    	rcall	putc
                                    	ldi	u_data,0x30+SW_MINOR ; putc(0x30+SW_MINOR);
                                    	rcall	putc
                                    	rjmp	waitcmd
                                    
                                    ;**** Return Hardware Version ****
                                    
                                    w2:	cpi	u_data,0x76	;'v' Return hardware version
                                    	brne	w3
                                    	ldi	u_data,0x30+HW_MAJOR ; putc(0x30+HW_MAJOR);
                                    	rcall	putc
                                    	ldi	u_data,0x30+HW_MINOR ; putc(0x30+HW_MINOR);
                                    	rcall	putc
                                    	rjmp	waitcmd
                                    
                                    ;**** Show Supported Devices ****
                                    
                                    w3:	cpi	u_data,0x74	; 't' Show supported devices
                                    	brne	w4
                                    	ldi	u_data,S1200C	; putc(S1200C);
                                    	rcall	putc
                                    	ldi	u_data,S1200D	; putc(S1200D);
                                    	rcall	putc
                                    	ldi	u_data,S2313A	; putc(S2313A);
                                    	rcall	putc
                                    	ldi	u_data,S4414A	; putc(S4414A);
                                    	rcall	putc
                                    	ldi	u_data,S8515A	; putc(S8515A);
                                    	rcall	putc
                                    	ldi	u_data,S2323A	; putc(S2323A);
                                    	rcall	putc
                                    	ldi	u_data,S8252	; putc(S8252);
                                    	rcall	putc
                                    	ldi	u_data,0x00	; putc(0x00);	// end of device list
                                    	rcall	putc
                                    	rjmp	waitcmd
                                    
                                    ;**** Return Programmer Type ****
                                    
                                    w4:	cpi	u_data,0x70     ; 'p' Return programmer type
                                    	brne	w5
                                    	ldi	u_data,0x53     ; putc('S');	// serial programmer
                                    	rcall	putc
                                    	rjmp	waitcmd
                                    
                                    ;**** Set LED ****
                                    
                                    w5:	cpi	u_data,0x78	; 'x' Set LED (ignored)
                                    	brne	w6
                                    	rjmp	put_ret
                                    
                                    ;**** Clear LED ****
                                    
                                    w6:	cpi	u_data,0x79     ; 'y' Clear LED (ignored)
                                    	brne	w7
                                    	rjmp	put_ret
                                    
                                    ;**** Enter Programming Mode ****
                                    
                                    ; We require that the device code be selected before any of the other commands
                                    
                                    w7:
                                    	cpi	device,S1200C	; if ((device != S1200C) &&
                                    	breq	w72
                                    	cpi	device,S1200D	;     (device != S1200D) &&
                                    	breq	w72
                                    	cpi	device,S8515A	;     (device != S8515A) &&
                                    	breq	w72
                                    	cpi	device,S4414A	;     (device != S4414A) &&
                                    	breq	w72
                                    	cpi	device,S2313A	;     (device != S2313A) &&
                                    	breq	w72
                                    	cpi	device,S8252	;     (device != S8252) &&
                                    	breq	w72
                                    	cpi	device,S01838C	;     (device != S01838C) &&
                                    	breq	w72
                                    	cpi	device,S01838D	;     (device != S01838D) &&
                                    	breq	w72
                                    	cpi	device,S2323A	;     (device != S2323A))
                                    	breq	w72
                                    	rjmp	put_err		;	goto put_err();
                                    
                                    w72:	cpi	u_data,0x50	; 'P' Enter programming mode
                                    	brne	w8
                                    	rcall	spiinit		; spiinit();
                                    	rjmp	put_ret
                                    
                                    ;**** Wait Program Memory ****
                                    
                                    ;* USAGE
                                    ;*	wait_pm(byte cmd, byte c_data);
                                    ;*
                                    ;*	cmd :		0x28 - wait for high byte written
                                    ;*			0x20 - wait for low byte written
                                    ;*	u_data :	current data written
                                    
                                    ;wait_pm:			; do
                                    ;				; {
                                    ;	mov	s_data,cmd	;	wrser(cmd);		// SPI write (byte 1)
                                    ;	rcall	wrser
                                    ;	mov	s_data,addrh	;	wrser(addrh);		// SPI write (byte 2)
                                    ;	rcall	wrser
                                    ;	mov	s_data,addrl	;	wrser(addrl);		// SPI write (byte 3)
                                    ;	rcall	wrser
                                    ;	rcall	rdser		;	s_data = rdser();	// SPI read (byte 4)
                                    				; }
                                    ;	cp	s_data,u_data	; while(s_data != u_data);
                                    ;	brne	wait_pm
                                    ;	ret
                                    
                                    ;**** Write Program Memory, High Byte ****
                                    
                                    w8:	cpi	u_data,0x43	; 'C' Write program memory, high byte
                                    	brne	w9
                                    	rcall	getc
                                    	cpi	device,S8252	; if (device == S8252)
                                    	brne	w81		; {
                                    	rjmp	put_err		; 	goto err();
                                    				;	// (AT89 series have byte wide program memory !)
                                    				; }
                                    w81:	ldi	s_data,0x48	; wrser(0x48);		// SPI write (byte 1)
                                    	rcall	wrser
                                    	mov	s_data,addrh	; wrser(addrh);		// SPI write (byte 2)
                                    	rcall	wrser
                                    	mov	s_data,addrl	; wrser(addrl);		// SPI write (byte 3)
                                    	rcall	wrser
                                    	cpi	device,S01838C	; invert data on 01838 rev C!
                                    	brne	w81b
                                    	com	u_data
                                    w81b:
                                    	mov	s_data,u_data	; wrser(u_data);	// SPI write (byte 4)
                                    	rcall	wrser
                                    	cpi	device,S01838C	; no delay for S01838 (Uses Page Write Mode instead)
                                    	breq	w82
                                    	cpi	device,S01838D
                                    	breq	w82
                                    
                                    	ldi	temp1,0x20	; delay(0x20);		// 24585 cycles delay
                                    	rcall	delay		;			// Page mode requires no delay!
                                    w82:
                                    	ldi	temp1,0x01	; Auto increment address				!!!!
                                    	clr	temp2
                                    	add	addrl,temp1
                                    	adc	addrh,temp2
                                    	rjmp	put_ret		; goto reply();
                                    
                                    ;**** Write Program Memory, Low Byte ****
                                    
                                    w9:	cpi	u_data,0x63     ; 'c' Write program memory, low byte
                                    	brne	w12
                                    	rcall	getc
                                    
                                    	cpi	device,S8252	; if (device != S8252)
                                    	breq	w989		; {
                                    	ldi	s_data,0x40	;	wrser(0x40);	// SPI write (byte 1)
                                    	rcall	wrser
                                    	mov	s_data,addrh	;	s_data = addrh;
                                    	rjmp	w91		; }
                                    				; else
                                    w989:				; {
                                    	mov	s_data,addrh	;	s_data = (addrh << 3) | 0x02;
                                    	rcall	shift_s_data3
                                    	ori	s_data,0x02
                                    w91:				; }
                                    	rcall	wrser		; wrser(s_data);	// SPI write (byte 2)
                                    	mov	s_data,addrl	; wrser(addrl);		// SPI write (byte 3)
                                    	rcall	wrser
                                    	cpi	device,S01838C	; invert data on 01838 rev C!
                                    	brne	w91b
                                    	com	u_data
                                    w91b:
                                    	mov	s_data,u_data	; wrser(u_data);	// SPI write (byte 4)
                                    	rcall	wrser
                                    	cpi	device,S01838C	; no delay for S01838 (Uses Page Write Mode instead)
                                    	breq	w92
                                    	cpi	device,S01838D
                                    	breq	w92
                                    	ldi	temp1,0x20	; delay(0x20);		// 24585 cycles delay
                                    	rcall	delay		;			// Page mode requires no delay!
                                    w92:
                                    	rjmp	put_ret		; goto reply();
                                    
                                    ;**** Read Program Memory ****
                                    
                                    w12:	cpi	u_data,0x52	; 'R' Read program memory
                                    	brne	w10		;
                                    	cpi	device,S8252	; if (device != S8252)
                                    	breq	w1289		; {
                                    	ldi	s_data,0x28	;	wrser(0x28);	// SPI write (byte 1)
                                    	rcall	wrser
                                    	mov	s_data,addrh	;	s_data = addrh;
                                    	rjmp	w121		; }
                                    				; else
                                    w1289:				; {
                                    	mov	s_data,addrh	;	s_data = (addrh << 3) | 0x01;
                                    	rcall	shift_s_data3
                                    	ori	s_data,0x01
                                    w121:				; }
                                    	rcall	wrser		; wrser(s_data);	// SPI write (byte 2)
                                    	mov	s_data,addrl	; wrser(addrl);		// SPI write (byte 3)
                                    	rcall	wrser
                                    	rcall	rdser		; putc(rdser());	// Send data (byte 4)
                                    	mov	u_data,s_data
                                    	rcall	putc
                                    	cpi	device,S8252	; if (device == S8252)
                                    	brne	w122		; {
                                    	rjmp	waitcmd		;	goto waitcmd();
                                    				; }
                                    				; else
                                    w122:				; {
                                    	ldi	s_data,0x20	;	wrser(0x20);	// SPI write (byte 1)
                                    	rcall	wrser
                                    	mov	s_data,addrh	;	wrser(addrh);	// SPI write (byte 2)
                                    	rcall	wrser
                                    	mov	s_data,addrl	;	wrser(addrl);	// SPI write (byte 3)
                                    	rcall	wrser
                                    	rcall	rdser		;	putc(rdser());	// Send data (byte 4)
                                    	mov	u_data,s_data
                                    	rcall	putc
                                    
                                    	ldi	temp1,0x01	;	Auto increment address				!!!!
                                    	clr	temp2
                                    	add	addrl,temp1
                                    	adc	addrh,temp2
                                    
                                    	rjmp	waitcmd		;	goto waitcmd();
                                    				; }
                                    shift_s_data3:
                                    	lsl	s_data
                                    	lsl	s_data
                                    	lsl	s_data
                                    	ret
                                    
                                    ;**** Load Address ****
                                    
                                    w10:	cpi	u_data,0x41	; 'A' Load address
                                    	brne	w11
                                    	rcall	getc		; addrh = getc();
                                    	mov	addrh,u_data
                                    	rcall	getc		; addrl = getc();
                                    	mov	addrl,u_data
                                    	rjmp	put_ret		; goto reply();
                                    
                                    ;**** Write Data Memory ****
                                    
                                    w11:	cpi	u_data,0x44	; 'D' Write data memory
                                    	brne	w13
                                    	rcall	getc
                                    	cpi	device,S8252
                                    	breq	w1189
                                    
                                    	ldi	s_data,0xc0
                                    	rcall	wrser
                                    	mov	s_data,addrh
                                    	rjmp	w111
                                    
                                    w1189:	mov	s_data,addrh
                                    	rcall	shift_s_data3
                                    	ori	s_data,0x06
                                    
                                    w111:	rcall	wrser
                                    	mov	s_data,addrl
                                    	rcall	wrser
                                    	mov	s_data,u_data
                                    	rcall	wrser
                                    	ldi	temp1,0x20
                                    	rcall	delay
                                    	rjmp	put_ret
                                    
                                    ;;**** Read Data Memory ****
                                    
                                    w13:	cpi	u_data,0x64	; 'd' Read data memory
                                    	brne	w14
                                    	cpi	device,S8252	; if (device != S8252)
                                    	breq	w1389		; {
                                    	ldi	s_data,0xa0	;	wrser(0xA0);	// SPI write (byte 1)
                                    	rcall	wrser
                                    	mov	s_data,addrh	;	s_data = addrh;
                                    	rjmp	w131		; }
                                    				; else
                                    w1389:				; {
                                    	mov	s_data,addrh	;	s_data = (addrh << 3) | 0x05;
                                    	rcall	shift_s_data3
                                    	ori	s_data,0x05
                                    w131:				; }
                                    	rcall	wrser		; wrser(s_data);	// SPI write (byte 2)
                                    	mov	s_data,addrl	; wrser(addrl);		// SPI write (byte 3)
                                    	rcall	wrser
                                    	rcall	rdser		; putc(rdser());	// Send data (byte 4)
                                    	mov	u_data,s_data
                                    	rcall	putc
                                    	rjmp	waitcmd		; goto waitcmd();
                                    
                                    
                                    ;**** Leave Programming Mode ****
                                    
                                    w14:	cpi	u_data,0x4c	; 'L' Leave programming mode
                                    	brne	w15
                                    	ddrb_release
                                    	cpi	device,S8252
                                    	breq	w141
                                    	set_reset		; set RESET = 1
                                    	rjmp    put_ret
                                    w141:	clr_reset		; set RESET = 0
                                    	rjmp	put_ret
                                    
                                    ;**** Chip Erase ****
                                    
                                    w15:	cpi	u_data,0x65     ; 'e' Chip erase
                                            brne	w16
                                    	ldi	s_data,0xac
                                    	rcall	wrser
                                    	cpi	device,S8252
                                    	breq	w1589
                                    	ldi	s_data,0x80
                                    	rcall	wrser
                                    w1589:	ldi	s_data,0x04
                                    	rcall	wrser
                                    	ldi	s_data,0x00
                                    	rcall	wrser
                                    	ldi	temp1,0x30
                                    	rcall	delay
                                    	rjmp	put_ret
                                    
                                    ;**** Write Lock Bits ****
                                    
                                    w16:	cpi	u_data,0x6c	; 'l' Write lock bits
                                    	brne	w17
                                    	rcall	getc
                                    	ldi	s_data,0xac
                                    	rcall	wrser
                                    	mov	s_data,u_data
                                    	cpi	device,S8252
                                    	breq	w1689
                                    	andi	s_data,0x06
                                    	ori	s_data,0xe0
                                    	rcall	wrser
                                    	ldi	s_data,0x00
                                    	rcall	wrser
                                    	rjmp	w162
                                    
                                    w1689:	andi	s_data,0xe0
                                    	ori	s_data,0x07
                                    	rcall	wrser
                                    w162:	ldi	s_data,0x00
                                    	rcall	wrser
                                    	ldi	temp1,0x30
                                    	rcall	delay
                                    	rjmp	put_ret
                                    
                                    ;**** Read Signature Bytes ****
                                    
                                    w17:	cpi	u_data,0x73	; 's' Read signature bytes
                                    	brne	w18
                                    	cpi	device,S8252
                                    	brne	w17begin
                                    	rjmp	put_err
                                    w17begin:
                                    	ldi	param1,0x02
                                    	rcall	w17call
                                    	ldi	param1,0x01
                                    	rcall	w17call
                                    	ldi	param1,0x00
                                    	rcall	w17call
                                    	rjmp	waitcmd
                                    
                                    w17call:ldi	s_data,0x30
                                    	rcall	wrser
                                    	ldi	s_data,0x00
                                    	rcall	wrser
                                    	mov	s_data,param1
                                    	rcall	wrser
                                    	rcall	rdser
                                    	mov	u_data,s_data
                                    	rcall	putc
                                    	ret
                                    
                                    
                                    ;**** Write Program Memory Page ****
                                    
                                    w18:	cpi	u_data,0x6D	; 'm' Write Program Memory Page
                                    	brne	w19
                                    
                                    	ldi	s_data,0x4c	;	wrser(0x4c);	// SPI write (byte 1)
                                    	rcall	wrser
                                    
                                    	mov	s_data,addrh	;	wrser(addrh);	// SPI write (byte 2)
                                    	rcall	wrser
                                    	mov	s_data,addrl	;	wrser(addrl);	// SPI write (byte 3)
                                    	rcall	wrser
                                    
                                    	ldi	s_data,0x00	;	wrser(0x00);	// SPI write (byte 4)
                                    	rcall	wrser
                                    	ldi	temp1,0xff	; 	delay(0xFF);	// 0x20 = 24585 cycles delay
                                    	rcall	delay
                                    	rjmp	put_ret
                                    
                                    ;**** Universal Command ****
                                    
                                    w19:	cpi	u_data,0x3A	; ':' Universal Command
                                    	brne	w99
                                    
                                    	rcall	getc
                                    	mov	cmd1,u_data
                                    	rcall	getc
                                    	mov	cmd2,u_data
                                    	rcall	getc
                                    	mov	cmd3,u_data
                                    	rcall	universal
                                    	ldi	temp1,0xff	; 	delay(0xFF);	// 0x20 = 24585 cycles delay
                                    	rcall	delay
                                    	rjmp	put_ret
                                    
                                    universal:
                                    	mov	s_data,cmd1
                                    	rcall	wrser
                                    	mov	s_data,cmd2
                                    	rcall	wrser
                                    	mov	s_data,cmd3
                                    	rcall	wrser
                                    	rcall	rdser
                                    	mov	u_data,s_data
                                    	rcall	putc
                                    	ret
                                    
                                    w99:
                                    
                                    ;**** Command Error ****
                                    
                                    put_err:ldi	u_data,0x3f	; putc('?');	\\ send '?'
                                    	rcall	putc
                                    	rjmp	waitcmd
                                    
                                    ;**** Reply Command ****
                                    
                                    put_ret:ldi	u_data,0x0d	; putc(0x0D);	\\ send CR
                                    	rcall	putc
                                    	rjmp	waitcmd
                                    
                                    ;**** End of File ****
                                    
                                    
                                 

Programming the AVR Microcontrollers in Assember Machine Language

This site is a member of WebRing.
To browse visit Here.

Atmel AVR From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Avr) Jump to: navigation, search The AVRs are a family of RISC microcontrollers from Atmel. Their internal architecture was conceived by two students: Alf-Egil Bogen and Vegard Wollan, at the Norwegian Institute of Technology (NTH] and further developed at Atmel Norway, a subsidiary founded by the two architects. Atmel recently released the Atmel AVR32 line of microcontrollers. These are 32-bit RISC devices featuring SIMD and DSP instructions, along with many additional features for audio and video processing, intended to compete with ARM based processors. Note that the use of "AVR" in this article refers to the 8-bit RISC line of Atmel AVR Microcontrollers. The acronym AVR has been reported to stand for Advanced Virtual RISC. It's also rumoured to stand for the company's founders: Alf and Vegard, who are evasive when questioned about it. Contents [hide] 1 Device Overview 1.1 Program Memory 1.2 Data Memory and Registers 1.3 EEPROM 1.4 Program Execution 1.5 Speed 2 Development 3 Features 4 Footnotes 5 See also 6 External Links 6.1 Atmel Official Links 6.2 AVR Forums & Discussion Groups 6.3 Machine Language Development 6.4 C Language Development 6.5 BASIC & Other AVR Languages 6.6 AVR Butterfly Specific 6.7 Other AVR Links [edit] Device Overview The AVR is a Harvard architecture machine with programs and data stored and addressed separately. Flash, EEPROM, and SRAM are all integrated onto a single die, removing the need for external memory (though still available on some devices). [edit] Program Memory Program instructions are stored in semi-permanent Flash memory. Each instruction for the AVR line is either 16 or 32 bits in length. The Flash memory is addressed using 16 bit word sizes. The size of the program memory is indicated in the naming of the device itself. For instance, the ATmega64x line has 64Kbytes of Flash. Almost all AVR devices are self-programmable. [edit] Data Memory and Registers The data address space consists of the register file, I/O registers, and SRAM. The AVRs have thirty-two single-byte registers and are classified as 8-bit RISC devices. The working registers are mapped in as the first thirty-two memory spaces (000016-001F16) followed by the 64 I/O registers (002016-005F16). The actual usable RAM starts after both these sections (address 006016). (Note that the I/O register space may be larger on some more extensive devices, in which case memory mapped I/O registers will occupy a portion of the SRAM.) Even though there are separate addressing schemes and optimized opcodes for register file and I/O register access, all can still be addressed and manipulated as if they were in SRAM. [edit] EEPROM Almost all devices have on-die EEPROM. This is most often used for long-term parameter storage to be retrieved even after cycling the power of the device. [edit] Program Execution Atmel's AVRs have a single level pipeline design. The next machine instruction is fetched as the current one is executing. Most instructions take just one or two clock cycles, making AVRs relatively fast among the eight-bit microcontrollers. The AVR family of processors were designed for the efficient execution of compiled C code. The AVR instruction set is more orthogonal than most eight-bit microcontrollers, however, it is not completely regular: Pointer registers X, Y, and Z have addressing capabilities that are different from each other. Register locations R0 to R15 have different addressing capabilities than register locations R16 to R31. I/O ports 0 to 31 have different addressing capabilities than I/O ports 32 to 63. CLR affects flags, while SER does not, even though they are complementary instructions. CLR set all bits to zero and SER sets them to one. (Note though, that neither CLR nor SER are native instructions. Instead CLR is syntactic sugar for [produces the same machine code as] EOR R,R while SER is syntactic sugar for LDI R,$FF. Math operations such as EOR modify flags while moves/loads/stores/branches such as LDI do not.) [edit] Speed The AVR line can normally support clock speeds from 0-16MHz, with some devices reaching 20MHz. Lower powered operation usually requires a reduced clock speed. All AVRs feature an on-chip oscillator, removing the need for external clocks or resonator circuitry. Because many operations on the AVR are single cycle, the AVR can achieve up to 1MIPS per MHz. [edit] Development AVRs have a large following due to the free and inexpensive development tools available, including reasonably priced development boards and free development software. The AVRs are marketed under various names that share the same basic core but with different peripheral and memory combinations. Some models (notably, the ATmega range) have additional instructions to make arithmetic faster. Compatibility amongst chips is fairly good. See external links for sites relating to AVR development. [edit] Features Current AVRs offer a wide range of features: RISC Core Running Many Single Cycle Instructions Multifunction, Bi-directional I/O Ports with Internal, Configurable Pull-up Resistors Multiple Internal Oscillators Internal, Self-Programmable Instruction Flash Memory up to 256K In-System Programmable using ICSP, JTAG, or High Voltage methods Optional Boot Code Section with Independent Lock Bits for Protection Internal Data EEPROM up to 4KB Internal SRAM up to 8K 8-Bit and 16-Bit Timers PWM Channels & dead time generator Lighting (PWM Specific) Controller models Dedicated I²C Compatible Two-Wire Interface (TWI) Synchronous/Asynchronous Serial Peripherals (UART/USART) (As used with RS-232,RS-485, and more) Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) CAN Controller Support USB Controller Support Proper High-speed hardware & Hub controller with embedded AVR. Also freely available low-speed (HID) software emulation Ethernet Controller Support Universal Serial Interface (USI) for Two or Three-Wire Synchronous Data Transfer Analog Comparators LCD Controller Support 10-Bit A/D Converters, with multiplex of up to 16 channels Brownout Detection Watchdog Timer (WDT) Low-voltage Devices Operating Down to 1.8v Multiple Power-Saving Sleep Modes picoPower Devices Atmel AVR assembler programming language Atmel AVR machine programming language Atmel AVR From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Avr) Jump to: navigation, search The AVRs are a family of RISC microcontrollers from Atmel. Their internal architecture was conceived by two students: Alf-Egil Bogen and Vegard Wollan, at the Norwegian Institute of Technology (NTH] and further developed at Atmel Norway, a subsidiary founded by the two architects. Atmel recently released the Atmel AVR32 line of microcontrollers. These are 32-bit RISC devices featuring SIMD and DSP instructions, along with many additional features for audio and video processing, intended to compete with ARM based processors. Note that the use of "AVR" in this article refers to the 8-bit RISC line of Atmel AVR Microcontrollers. The acronym AVR has been reported to stand for Advanced Virtual RISC. It's also rumoured to stand for the company's founders: Alf and Vegard, who are evasive when questioned about it. Contents [hide] 1 Device Overview 1.1 Program Memory 1.2 Data Memory and Registers 1.3 EEPROM 1.4 Program Execution 1.5 Speed 2 Development 3 Features 4 Footnotes 5 See also 6 External Links 6.1 Atmel Official Links 6.2 AVR Forums & Discussion Groups 6.3 Machine Language Development 6.4 C Language Development 6.5 BASIC & Other AVR Languages 6.6 AVR Butterfly Specific 6.7 Other AVR Links [edit] Device Overview The AVR is a Harvard architecture machine with programs and data stored and addressed separately. Flash, EEPROM, and SRAM are all integrated onto a single die, removing the need for external memory (though still available on some devices). [edit] Program Memory Program instructions are stored in semi-permanent Flash memory. Each instruction for the AVR line is either 16 or 32 bits in length. The Flash memory is addressed using 16 bit word sizes. The size of the program memory is indicated in the naming of the device itself. For instance, the ATmega64x line has 64Kbytes of Flash. Almost all AVR devices are self-programmable. [edit] Data Memory and Registers The data address space consists of the register file, I/O registers, and SRAM. The AVRs have thirty-two single-byte registers and are classified as 8-bit RISC devices. The working registers are mapped in as the first thirty-two memory spaces (000016-001F16) followed by the 64 I/O registers (002016-005F16). The actual usable RAM starts after both these sections (address 006016). (Note that the I/O register space may be larger on some more extensive devices, in which case memory mapped I/O registers will occupy a portion of the SRAM.) Even though there are separate addressing schemes and optimized opcodes for register file and I/O register access, all can still be addressed and manipulated as if they were in SRAM. [edit] EEPROM Almost all devices have on-die EEPROM. This is most often used for long-term parameter storage to be retrieved even after cycling the power of the device. [edit] Program Execution Atmel's AVRs have a single level pipeline design. The next machine instruction is fetched as the current one is executing. Most instructions take just one or two clock cycles, making AVRs relatively fast among the eight-bit microcontrollers. The AVR family of processors were designed for the efficient execution of compiled C code. The AVR instruction set is more orthogonal than most eight-bit microcontrollers, however, it is not completely regular: Pointer registers X, Y, and Z have addressing capabilities that are different from each other. Register locations R0 to R15 have different addressing capabilities than register locations R16 to R31. I/O ports 0 to 31 have different addressing capabilities than I/O ports 32 to 63. CLR affects flags, while SER does not, even though they are complementary instructions. CLR set all bits to zero and SER sets them to one. (Note though, that neither CLR nor SER are native instructions. Instead CLR is syntactic sugar for [produces the same machine code as] EOR R,R while SER is syntactic sugar for LDI R,$FF. Math operations such as EOR modify flags while moves/loads/stores/branches such as LDI do not.) [edit] Speed The AVR line can normally support clock speeds from 0-16MHz, with some devices reaching 20MHz. Lower powered operation usually requires a reduced clock speed. All AVRs feature an on-chip oscillator, removing the need for external clocks or resonator circuitry. Because many operations on the AVR are single cycle, the AVR can achieve up to 1MIPS per MHz. [edit] Development AVRs have a large following due to the free and inexpensive development tools available, including reasonably priced development boards and free development software. The AVRs are marketed under various names that share the same basic core but with different peripheral and memory combinations. Some models (notably, the ATmega range) have additional instructions to make arithmetic faster. Compatibility amongst chips is fairly good. See external links for sites relating to AVR development. [edit] Features Current AVRs offer a wide range of features: RISC Core Running Many Single Cycle Instructions Multifunction, Bi-directional I/O Ports with Internal, Configurable Pull-up Resistors Multiple Internal Oscillators Internal, Self-Programmable Instruction Flash Memory up to 256K In-System Programmable using ICSP, JTAG, or High Voltage methods Optional Boot Code Section with Independent Lock Bits for Protection Internal Data EEPROM up to 4KB Internal SRAM up to 8K 8-Bit and 16-Bit Timers PWM Channels & dead time generator Lighting (PWM Specific) Controller models Dedicated I²C Compatible Two-Wire Interface (TWI) Synchronous/Asynchronous Serial Peripherals (UART/USART) (As used with RS-232,RS-485, and more) Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) CAN Controller Support USB Controller Support Proper High-speed hardware & Hub controller with embedded AVR. Also freely available low-speed (HID) software emulation Ethernet Controller Support Universal Serial Interface (USI) for Two or Three-Wire Synchronous Data Transfer Analog Comparators LCD Controller Support 10-Bit A/D Converters, with multiplex of up to 16 channels Brownout Detection Watchdog Timer (WDT) Low-voltage Devices Operating Down to 1.8v Multiple Power-Saving Sleep Modes picoPower Devices Atmel AVR assembler programming language Atmel AVR machine programming language Atmel AVR From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Avr) Jump to: navigation, search The AVRs are a family of RISC microcontrollers from Atmel. Their internal architecture was conceived by two students: Alf-Egil Bogen and Vegard Wollan, at the Norwegian Institute of Technology (NTH] and further developed at Atmel Norway, a subsidiary founded by the two architects. Atmel recently released the Atmel AVR32 line of microcontrollers. These are 32-bit RISC devices featuring SIMD and DSP instructions, along with many additional features for audio and video processing, intended to compete with ARM based processors. Note that the use of "AVR" in this article refers to the 8-bit RISC line of Atmel AVR Microcontrollers. The acronym AVR has been reported to stand for Advanced Virtual RISC. It's also rumoured to stand for the company's founders: Alf and Vegard, who are evasive when questioned about it. Contents [hide] 1 Device Overview 1.1 Program Memory 1.2 Data Memory and Registers 1.3 EEPROM 1.4 Program Execution 1.5 Speed 2 Development 3 Features 4 Footnotes 5 See also 6 External Links 6.1 Atmel Official Links 6.2 AVR Forums & Discussion Groups 6.3 Machine Language Development 6.4 C Language Development 6.5 BASIC & Other AVR Languages 6.6 AVR Butterfly Specific 6.7 Other AVR Links [edit] Device Overview The AVR is a Harvard architecture machine with programs and data stored and addressed separately. Flash, EEPROM, and SRAM are all integrated onto a single die, removing the need for external memory (though still available on some devices). [edit] Program Memory Program instructions are stored in semi-permanent Flash memory. Each instruction for the AVR line is either 16 or 32 bits in length. The Flash memory is addressed using 16 bit word sizes. The size of the program memory is indicated in the naming of the device itself. For instance, the ATmega64x line has 64Kbytes of Flash. Almost all AVR devices are self-programmable. [edit] Data Memory and Registers The data address space consists of the register file, I/O registers, and SRAM. The AVRs have thirty-two single-byte registers and are classified as 8-bit RISC devices. The working registers are mapped in as the first thirty-two memory spaces (000016-001F16) followed by the 64 I/O registers (002016-005F16). The actual usable RAM starts after both these sections (address 006016). (Note that the I/O register space may be larger on some more extensive devices, in which case memory mapped I/O registers will occupy a portion of the SRAM.) Even though there are separate addressing schemes and optimized opcodes for register file and I/O register access, all can still be addressed and manipulated as if they were in SRAM. [edit] EEPROM Almost all devices have on-die EEPROM. This is most often used for long-term parameter storage to be retrieved even after cycling the power of the device. [edit] Program Execution Atmel's AVRs have a single level pipeline design. The next machine instruction is fetched as the current one is executing. Most instructions take just one or two clock cycles, making AVRs relatively fast among the eight-bit microcontrollers. The AVR family of processors were designed for the efficient execution of compiled C code. The AVR instruction set is more orthogonal than most eight-bit microcontrollers, however, it is not completely regular: Pointer registers X, Y, and Z have addressing capabilities that are different from each other. Register locations R0 to R15 have different addressing capabilities than register locations R16 to R31. I/O ports 0 to 31 have different addressing capabilities than I/O ports 32 to 63. CLR affects flags, while SER does not, even though they are complementary instructions. CLR set all bits to zero and SER sets them to one. (Note though, that neither CLR nor SER are native instructions. Instead CLR is syntactic sugar for [produces the same machine code as] EOR R,R while SER is syntactic sugar for LDI R,$FF. Math operations such as EOR modify flags while moves/loads/stores/branches such as LDI do not.) [edit] Speed The AVR line can normally support clock speeds from 0-16MHz, with some devices reaching 20MHz. Lower powered operation usually requires a reduced clock speed. All AVRs feature an on-chip oscillator, removing the need for external clocks or resonator circuitry. Because many operations on the AVR are single cycle, the AVR can achieve up to 1MIPS per MHz. [edit] Development AVRs have a large following due to the free and inexpensive development tools available, including reasonably priced development boards and free development software. The AVRs are marketed under various names that share the same basic core but with different peripheral and memory combinations. Some models (notably, the ATmega range) have additional instructions to make arithmetic faster. Compatibility amongst chips is fairly good. See external links for sites relating to AVR development. [edit] Features Current AVRs offer a wide range of features: RISC Core Running Many Single Cycle Instructions Multifunction, Bi-directional I/O Ports with Internal, Configurable Pull-up Resistors Multiple Internal Oscillators Internal, Self-Programmable Instruction Flash Memory up to 256K In-System Programmable using ICSP, JTAG, or High Voltage methods Optional Boot Code Section with Independent Lock Bits for Protection Internal Data EEPROM up to 4KB Internal SRAM up to 8K 8-Bit and 16-Bit Timers PWM Channels & dead time generator Lighting (PWM Specific) Controller models Dedicated I²C Compatible Two-Wire Interface (TWI) Synchronous/Asynchronous Serial Peripherals (UART/USART) (As used with RS-232,RS-485, and more) Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) CAN Controller Support USB Controller Support Proper High-speed hardware & Hub controller with embedded AVR. Also freely available low-speed (HID) software emulation Ethernet Controller Support Universal Serial Interface (USI) for Two or Three-Wire Synchronous Data Transfer Analog Comparators LCD Controller Support 10-Bit A/D Converters, with multiplex of up to 16 channels Brownout Detection Watchdog Timer (WDT) Low-voltage Devices Operating Down to 1.8v Multiple Power-Saving Sleep Modes picoPower Devices Atmel AVR assembler programming language Atmel AVR machine programming language